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Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic

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The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hejazi Arabic pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

The romanization of the examples is based on the romanization system used on Wiktionary.

See Hejazi Arabic phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Urban Hejazi Arabic.

Consonants
IPA Arabic letter Example Romanization English approximation
ʔ ء, أ, إ, ؤ, ئ سَأَل saʔal uh-(ʔ)oh
ʕ ع عين ʕēn no equivalent
b ب بِسَّة bissa bike
d د
ذ
[1]
دُب
(ذيل)
dubb (dēl or ēl) done
ض
ظ
[2]
ضَب
(ظِفِر)
abb (ifir or ifir) emphatic /d/
[3] ج جَريدة jarīda job or vision
ð ذ[1] ذَكَر akar or dakar this
f ف فين fēn fast
ɡ ق قَمَر gamar gas
q[4] اِسْتِقْلال istiglāl or istiqlāl cat, but uvular
h هـ هادي hādi hat
ħ ح حَر arr hat, but pharyngeal
j ي يَد yadd yes
k ك كَلْب kalb cat
l ل لون lōn lip (clear l)
ɫ[5] الله allāh peel (dark l)
m م موية mōya mother
n[6] ن نوم nōm nest
θ ث[7] ثَوَاب awāb or tawāb think
r[8] ر راس rās trilled r or atom (with flapping)
s س
ث
[7]
سَرير
(ثابِت)
sarīr (sābit or ābit) sorry
ص صَبّار abbār emphatic /s/
ʃ ش شَمْس šams ship
t ت
ث
[7]
تَمُر
(ثوب)
tamur (tōb or ōb) star
ط طير ēr emphatic /t/
w و وَرَقة waraga water
x خ خَس ass loch (Scottish)
ɣ غ غَريب arīb French r but softer
z ز
ذ
[1]
زِر
(ذَكي)
zirr (zaki or aki) zebra
ظ[2] ظَرْف arf emphatic /z/
ðˤ ظِل ill or ill emphatic /ð/
Non-native Consonants[9]
p پ, ب پيتزا or بيتزا pītza or bītza put
v ڤ, ف ڤيروس or فيروس vayrūs or fayrūs view
Vowels
IPA Example Romanization English approximation
Monophthongs
a فَم famm cat
ʊ حُب[10] ubb put or more (short)
u قَبُو gabu cool (short)
ɪ سِر[11] sirr sit (or like set)
i مَدْرِي madri nee'd (short)
[12] نار nār father
نور nūr cool (long)
صوت ōt more (long)
مين mīn need (long)
بيت bēt hair
Diphthongs
aw دَوْري dawri how
aj لَيْمون laymūn tie
iw تِوْقَف tiwgaf goat (RP)
ij بِيْقول biygūl hey
Suprasegmentals
IPA examples Explanation
ˈ يوم /ˈjoːm/ ("day") Indicates that the following syllable is stressed.
ː سَكِّينَة /sakˈkiːna/ ("knife") Indicates a long vowel or a geminate consonant.

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c ذ represents /d/ as in ذيل /deːl/ & ذكر /dakar/ or /z/ as in ذكي /zaki/, but the classical phoneme /ð/ is still used depending on the speaker. check Hejazi Arabic phonology
  2. ^ a b ظ represents /dˤ/ as in ظفر /dˤifir/ & ظل /dˤilː/ or /zˤ/ as in ظرف /zˤarf/, but the classical phoneme /ðˤ/ is still used depending on the speaker. check Hejazi Arabic phonology.
  3. ^ the affricate /d͡ʒ/ ج is realised as a [ʒ] (English s in pleasure) by a number of speakers or in a number of words.
  4. ^ [q] is an allophone of /ɡ/ ⟨ق⟩ as in اِسْتِقْلال which can pronounced [ɪstɪqlaːl] or [ɪstɪglaːl]. It occurs in a number of phrases and words due to the influence of Modern Standard Arabic.
  5. ^ The marginal phoneme /ɫ/ only occurs in the word الله /aɫɫaːh/ ('god') and words derived from it, such as يلا /jaɫɫa/ "come on", they contrast in والله /waɫɫa/ ('i swear') vs. ولَّا /walla/ ('or').
  6. ^ [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ ⟨ن⟩ before velar stops ⟨ق ,ك⟩ /k, ɡ/ as in اَنْكَب [aŋkab] or مِنقَل [mɪŋɡal], and [ɱ] is an allophone before ⟨ف⟩ /f/ as in قُرُنْفُل [gʊrʊɱfʊl].[citation needed]
  7. ^ a b c ث represents /t/ as in ثوب /toːb/ & ثواب /tawaːb/ or /s/ as in ثابت /saːbit/, but the classical phoneme /θ/ is still used depending on the speaker. check Hejazi Arabic phonology
  8. ^ the trill /r/ ر is realised as a tap [ɾ] by a number of speakers or in a number of words.
  9. ^ The phonemes /p/ and /v/ are only found in loanwords and they can be substituted by /b/ and /f/ respectively depending on the speaker
  10. ^ Word initial and medial /u/ is pronounced [ʊ] or less likely [o̞] as in حُب ʊb], but strictly pronounced [u] at the end of words as in قبو [gabu], and before /w/ as in هُوَّ [huwːa]. All are allophones of the phoneme /u/.
  11. ^ Word initial and medial /i/ is pronounced [ɪ] or less likely [e̞] as in سِرّ [sɪr], but strictly pronounced [i] at the end of words as in مدري [madri], and before /j/ as in هِيَّ [hijːa]. All are allophones of the phoneme /i/.
  12. ^ [ɑ] is an allophone for /aː/ and /a/ for a number of speakers in some words, such as ألمانيا [almɑːnja] ('Germany'), ماما [mɑːmɑ] ('mom'), بابا [bɑːbɑ] ('dad') and يابان [jaːbɑːn] ('Japan').

See also

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